Opioid-based versus opioid-sparing patient-controlled analgesia using ketorolac and nefopam after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial

Puntos clave

• To compare the effectiveness of opioid-sparing analgesia using ketorolac and nefopam against traditional opioid-based methods after total knee arthroplasty.
• Randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial design.
• Participants receiving either opioid-based or opioid-sparing PCA.
• Assessment of analgesic effectiveness and opioid consumption.
• Opioid-sparing PCA provides similar pain relief compared to opioid-based PCA.
• Significant reduction in opioid consumption observed in the opioid-sparing group.
• Fewer drug-related adverse effects noted with the opioid-sparing approach.