Randomized trial compares opioid-sparing analgesia with opioid-based methods in total knee arthroplasty, suggesting ketorolac and nefopam are effective alternatives.
Opioid-sparing PCA with ketorolac and nefopam provides non-inferior analgesia to opioid-based PCA, while reducing opioid consumption and drug-related adverse effects after TKA.
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Han et al. (2026) studied this question.
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