Propacetamol as an alternative of ketorolac for postoperative pain management using patient-controlled analgesia

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Postoperative pain is not avoidable but can be controlled. Appropriate and rapid management of postoperative pain not only influences the patient's condition but also reduces medical costs. Intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) compensates limitations of traditional pro re nata analgesics, including intra-patient variability in analgesic needs, admin-istrative delays, and variability in serum drug levels. PCA delivers analgesic opioids in an optimal manner and minimizes the effects of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability in each patient, providing improved patient satisfaction and superior postoperative pain control [1]. Opioids are used to control postoperative pain by interacting with opioid receptors in the central nervous system to interrupt delivery of pain impulses [2]. The effect of opioids