What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to overcome challenges in using construction residue sand for 3D printing through an optimized mortar mix.

February 11, 2026Open Access

Sustainably 3D-Printing Mortar with Construction Residue Sand: Printability, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructural Mechanisms

WZWenjuan ZhouMinistry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development CYC-T YangTaipei Veterans General Hospital HXHe XiaoSichuan Agricultural University

Puntos clave

The aim is to overcome challenges in using construction residue sand for 3D printing through an optimized mortar mix.
Developed a novel mortar system using construction residue sand and calcium sulfoaluminate cement.
Defined a quantitative printability window for the mortar.
Tested mix designs with CSA dosages of 10–15% and sand–binder ratios of 1.4–1.5.
Achieved excellent printability with fluidity of 165–195 mm and slump of 10–40 mm.
Demonstrated that calcium sulfoaluminate cement promotes AFt formation, improving pore structure and mechanical strength.
Provided a method for recycling construction waste, contributing to green intelligent construction.

Resumen

This study addresses the technical challenges of using construction residue sand (CRS) with high mud content in 3D printing by developing a novel sustainable mortar system. The key novelty lies in optimizing the mix design with calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) and defining a quantitative printability window. Results show that at a CSA dosage of 10–15% and a sand–binder ratio of 1.4–1.5, the mortar achieves excellent printability, with a fluidity of 165–195 mm and a slump of 10–40 mm. Mechanistically, CSA promotes AFt formation, refining pore structure, and enhancing mechanical strength. This work provides a high-value pathway for recycling construction waste and advancing green intelligent construction.

Preguntar a la IA

Me gusta

Guardar

Ver artículo completo