• Provides a systematic review of global research on Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) systems. • Integrates bibliometric and qualitative synthesis to map MRT–sustainability linkages. • Identifies economic, social, and environmental impacts of metro development. • Demonstrates MRT systems as catalysts for sustainable and equitable urban growth. • Offers planning and policy insights for sustainable underground transport systems. The rapid expansion of mass rapid transit systems (MRTS) has profoundly transformed urban morphology, functionality, and sustainability across the globe. As cities face mounting challenges related to rapid urbanization, congestion, and environmental degradation, MRTS have emerged as essential infrastructures fostering economic vitality, social inclusion, and ecological balance. This review paper critically examines the multidimensional relationships between metro systems and sustainable urban development, emphasizing their economic, social, environmental, and spatial impacts. It explores how MRT networks enhance employment accessibility, stimulate local economies, increase property values, and support compact, transit-oriented urban growth. Additionally, metro systems play a vital role in advancing environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting shifts toward public transport, lowering automobile dependency, and improving urban air quality. Methodologically, the study employs a systematic literature review integrated with bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software to map the intellectual landscape, identify influential authors and journals, and visualize thematic and citation networks within the global research domain. The bibliometric analysis provides quantitative insights into the evolution of MRT-related research, while the qualitative synthesis of empirical and case-based studies contextualizes regional variations and planning implications. MRTS drive sustainable urban transformation by enhancing mobility, land-use efficiency, and compact city planning. However, benefits vary across contexts, requiring adaptive and inclusive planning. The study advances perspectives for policymakers, planners, and researchers, highlighting the need to align MRT investments with social equity, environmental stewardship, and economic resilience goals.
Kumar et al. (Sun,) studied this question.