The role of Lord Cromer in shaping the system of British governance in Egypt

The subject of the research is the political activity of Cromer in Egypt during his tenure as Consul General in the British colonial administration. The study aims to investigate the biography of Evelyn Baring (Lord Cromer) and his rise in political colonial circles. Lord Cromer's appointment as Consul General in 1883 led to significant changes in Anglo-Egyptian relations. During this period, a system of British governance in Egypt began to take shape, which facilitated control not only over Egyptian territories but also over the Suez Canal, a crucial maritime route for connecting European powers with India and the East. The goal of the work is to analyze the historical situation of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in order to identify the mechanisms and methods used by Cromer to consolidate Britain's influence over Egyptian territories. The study employs the following methods: historical-chronological, which allows for tracing historical events and identifying the key stages of development in Anglo-Egyptian relations during the "reform policy" period; problem-chronological, which helps uncover the key problems faced by the British administration; and biographical, which enables an analysis of Lord Cromer's contributions during the British control of Egypt. The novelty of the research lies in providing a comprehensive analysis of all stages of the establishment of British governance over Egyptian territories and identifying the consequences for Egypt in the early 20th century, as well as its impact on the region's subsequent history. In addition, the work highlights the issues of British policy in the African region and the local characteristics of the Egyptian population. Research findings indicate that during his tenure as Consul General, Lord Cromer was able to implement comprehensive reforms in the political, economic, and administrative spheres of life in Egypt. In his activities, the Consul General paid particular attention to issues of enhancing financial stability, modernizing infrastructure, and forming new power institutions in Egypt. It was Lord Cromer who played a crucial role in shaping the system of British governance in Egypt and managed to establish control by the British administration over Egyptian territories, which strengthened Britain's position in the northern African region.