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April 23, 2026

Sub–continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Adamawa volcanic area (Cameroon Volcanic Line): inference from lavas and hosted mantle xenoliths from Bini Warack, NE-Ngaoundéré, Cameroon (Central Africa).

Puntos clave

This research aims to characterize the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line and its evolution.
Analyzed lavas and mantle xenoliths from the Bini Warack area for petrography and geochemical data.
Examined Sr and Nd isotope compositions to understand mantle origins and modification.
Assessed trace element ratios to infer melting processes and metasomatic influences.
Identified a complex mixing of magma sources and evidence of low degrees of partial melting in the lithospheric mantle.
Lavas exhibited specific geochemical signatures indicative of a juvenile lithospheric mantle evolving through carbonate-rich metasomatism.
Mantle xenoliths were found to contain minerals suggesting a refractory peridotite composition with low U/Th ratios.

Resumen

The sub continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL) is vertically and laterally heterogenous, consisting of a complex mixing of DMM, HIMU and EM1, affected by modal or cryptic metasomatism, depending on the area. The petrography, whole rock geochemical data as well as minerals chemical composition of lavas and mantle xenoliths from Bini Warack area combined with Sr isotope compositions provide constraints on the origin and thermochemical evolution of the SCLM beneath this sector of the CVL. The host lavas are basanite, basalt and latite with OIB affinity, characterized by moderate to high silica and alkali contents (SiO2 = 42.35 – 56.56 wt %, K2O+Na2O = 2.34 – 7.07 wt %), a high Ba/Rb ranging from 12.2 to 26.1, a low Rb/Sr from 0.03 to 0.08, strong enrichment in LREE relative to HREE (LaN/YbN: 9.3 – 30), and moderately enriched in radiogenic isotopes (e.g., 0.702987 < 87Sr/86Srinitial < 0.703206; 0.512854 <143Nd/144Ndinitial < 0.512918) with positive εNdinitial (+4.84 – +6.09). These features are consistent with an origin of the lavas by low degree of partial melting (< 2%) of a lherzolitic mantle source containing 2 to 6% garnet. These lavas have then evolved by fractional crystallization without any evidence of crustal contamination. The studied mantle xenoliths are spinel–bearing lherzolites, characterized by U/Th ratios typically lower than 1, a slight enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE, and mainly consist of minerals with fertile composition (Fo84-91; spinel Cr#:0.1 – 0.22; Al–rich pyroxenes). They are consistent with refractory mantle peridotite that evidenced low partial–melting degrees. Trace element concentrations of host lavas (high Ba/Rb: 12.2 – 26.1 and low Rb/Sr: 0.03 – 0.08) together with olivine’s crystals chemical features (high Ca/Fe and 100*Mn/Fe ratios; low 100*Ni/Mg ratios) and low Ca/Al ratios (< 5) of clinopyroxenes in spinel-bearing lherzolites xenoliths suggest that the SCLM beneath the Bini Warack area is likely a juvenile lithospheric mantle which has undergone a carbonate–rich metasomatism.

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