Quantitative temporally and spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence microprobe characterization of the manganese dissolution-deposition mechanism in aqueous Zn/α-MnO2 batteries

Operando, spatiotemporal resolved synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping measurements on a custom aqueous Zn/α-MnO2 cell provided direct, quantitative evidence of a Mn dissolution-deposition faradaic mechanism that governs the electrochemistry.