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The study aims to analyze the impact of CMB anisotropy on dark energy dynamics and its relation to parametrizations of w(z).

July 2, 2025

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Is excess smoothing of Planck CMB anisotropy data partially responsible for evidence for dark energy dynamics in other w(z)CDM parametrizations?

CPChan‐Gyung ParkJeonju National University of Education BRBharat RatraCalifornia Institute of Technology

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The study aims to analyze the impact of CMB anisotropy on dark energy dynamics and its relation to parametrizations of w(z).
Utilized Planck CMB anisotropy data (P18 and lensing) and non-CMB data including Pantheon+ supernova and BAO measurements.
Tested multiple dark energy parametrizations, including [Formula: see text]CDM and XCDM, focusing on their consistency with data.
Evaluated the effects of cosmic microwave background lensing on the interpretations of dark energy dynamics.
The six [Formula: see text]CDM parametrizations show greater consistency with CMB and non-CMB data than XCDM and [Formula: see text]CDM.
At low redshift, non-CMB data support quintessence-like dark energy, while high redshift data favor phantom-like dynamics with significant evidence.
Excess smoothing in CMB anisotropy may partially account for the prediction of dark energy dynamics over a cosmological constant.

Resumen

In this paper, we study spatially-flat dynamical dark energy parametrizations, Formula: see textCDM, with redshift-dependent dark energy equation of state parameter Formula: see text expressed using three different quadratic and other polynomial forms (as functions of Formula: see text, where a is the scale factor), without and with a varying cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing consistency parameter Formula: see text. We use Planck CMB anisotropy data (P18 and lensing) and a large, mutually-consistent non-CMB data compilation that includes Pantheon+ type Ia supernova, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), Hubble parameter (Formula: see text), and growth factor (Formula: see text) measurements, but not recent DESI BAO data. The six Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) parametrizations show higher consistency between the CMB and non-CMB data constraints compared to the XCDM (Formula: see text) and Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) cases. Constraints from the most-restrictive P18+lensing+non-CMB data compilation on the six Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) parametrizations indicate that dark energy dynamics is favored over a cosmological constant by Formula: see text when Formula: see text, but only by Formula: see text when Formula: see text is allowed to vary (and Formula: see text at Formula: see text significance). Non-CMB data dominate the P18+lensing+non-CMB compilation at low z and favor quintessence-like dark energy. At high z P18+lensing data dominate, favoring phantom-like dark energy with significance from Formula: see text to Formula: see text when Formula: see text, and from Formula: see text to Formula: see text when Formula: see text varies. These results suggest that the observed excess weak lensing smoothing of some of the Planck CMB anisotropy multipoles is partially responsible for the Formula: see text cases Formula: see text evidence for dark energy dynamics over a cosmological constant.

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Is excess smoothing of Planck CMB anisotropy data partially responsible for evidence for dark energy dynamics in other w(z)CDM parametrizations?

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