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July 2, 2025International Journal of Modern Physics D18 citations

Is excess smoothing of Planck CMB anisotropy data partially responsible for evidence for dark energy dynamics in other w(z)CDM parametrizations?

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CPChan‐Gyung ParkBRBharat Ratra

Key Points

  • The study aims to analyze the impact of CMB anisotropy on dark energy dynamics and its relation to parametrizations of w(z).
  • Utilized Planck CMB anisotropy data (P18 and lensing) and non-CMB data including Pantheon+ supernova and BAO measurements.
  • Tested multiple dark energy parametrizations, including [Formula: see text]CDM and XCDM, focusing on their consistency with data.
  • Evaluated the effects of cosmic microwave background lensing on the interpretations of dark energy dynamics.
  • The six [Formula: see text]CDM parametrizations show greater consistency with CMB and non-CMB data than XCDM and [Formula: see text]CDM.
  • At low redshift, non-CMB data support quintessence-like dark energy, while high redshift data favor phantom-like dynamics with significant evidence.
  • Excess smoothing in CMB anisotropy may partially account for the prediction of dark energy dynamics over a cosmological constant.

Abstract

In this paper, we study spatially-flat dynamical dark energy parametrizations, Formula: see textCDM, with redshift-dependent dark energy equation of state parameter Formula: see text expressed using three different quadratic and other polynomial forms (as functions of Formula: see text, where a is the scale factor), without and with a varying cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing consistency parameter Formula: see text. We use Planck CMB anisotropy data (P18 and lensing) and a large, mutually-consistent non-CMB data compilation that includes Pantheon+ type Ia supernova, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), Hubble parameter (Formula: see text), and growth factor (Formula: see text) measurements, but not recent DESI BAO data. The six Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) parametrizations show higher consistency between the CMB and non-CMB data constraints compared to the XCDM (Formula: see text) and Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) cases. Constraints from the most-restrictive P18+lensing+non-CMB data compilation on the six Formula: see textCDM (Formula: see text) parametrizations indicate that dark energy dynamics is favored over a cosmological constant by Formula: see text when Formula: see text, but only by Formula: see text when Formula: see text is allowed to vary (and Formula: see text at Formula: see text significance). Non-CMB data dominate the P18+lensing+non-CMB compilation at low z and favor quintessence-like dark energy. At high z P18+lensing data dominate, favoring phantom-like dark energy with significance from Formula: see text to Formula: see text when Formula: see text, and from Formula: see text to Formula: see text when Formula: see text varies. These results suggest that the observed excess weak lensing smoothing of some of the Planck CMB anisotropy multipoles is partially responsible for the Formula: see text cases Formula: see text evidence for dark energy dynamics over a cosmological constant.

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Cite This Study

Park et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a08cc17d9bfbc371b01ef33https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271825500610
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