Self-consistent Hubble expansion in exponential teleparallel gravity: confrontation with recent observations

We reconstruct the Hubble expansion history within an anisotropic exponential teleparallel gravity framework using recent cosmological observations, including Observational Hubble Data (OHD), the latest Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 2 (DESI DR2) baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, gravitational-wave (GW) standard-siren data, and the Pantheon Plus and SH0ES Type Ia supernova compilations. The proposed anisotropic exponential f(T) model is investigated in both the absence and presence of shear, and is confronted with these independent observational probes through statistical analyses based on the reduced χ 2 , Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), demonstrating its consistency with current cosmological observations. Furthermore, the cosmological viability of the model is investigated through a comprehensive study of the dynamical evolution, stability conditions, and linear matter perturbations, providing a unified assessment of its theoretical consistency and observational compatibility.