Utilizing battery electric and plug-in hybrids for smart grid operation techniques

E-Mobility provides a wide potential for diversification of traffic sectors primary energy source. Until now petrol could be seen as the dominating one. The rollout of battery electric vehicles — plug-in-hybrids included — can be supplied by wind, solar, water, and coal and nuclear as the primary energy source. Obviously the rollout is strictly connected to the issue of grid capability to the additional electric load. First investigations show a concentration of charging in the noon and evening hours, which is coincident with common grid load. As a matter of fact there will be an overload on distribution grid devices and voltage dip, especially on low voltages cables, transformers and mid voltage cables. The rate of overload and voltage dip is hardly connected to the amount of supplied electric vehicles as well as to grid topology and galvanic distance between charge points. The following work deals in modeling and optimization basics of the expected electric load “EV” for simulation purposes. An especial architecture for managing EV's with special respect to the German liberalized market will be shown.