Between 2019 and 2024, the Romanian energy system underwent significant changes driven by the transition to renewable sources and the increasing number of prosumers. Electricity production from conventional sources, particularly coal, decreased by approximately 50%, while renewable sources, including wind, solar, and hydro, accounted for over 60% of total production by 2024. The number of prosumers increased from 13,874 in 2022 to 203,894 in 2025, with their installed capacity exceeding 2,400 MW, significantly contributing to reduced electricity consumption. This paper presents a case study of an industrial prosumer equipped with three photovoltaic systems and a diesel generator set. The analysis shows that locally produced energy can cover between 14% and 99% of monthly consumption, depending on the season and time of day. The findings highlight that decentralised production and efficient self-consumption enable the optimisation of energy use and cost reduction. The results confirm that Romania is progressing towards a sustainable energy model, with effective integration of prosumers and increased use of renewable energy, thereby enhancing energy security and contributing to national and European decarbonisation objectives.
Spunei et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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