Unified Theory of the Microscopic Mechanism of Mass-Energy Conversion and the Origin of Universal Gravitation Based on the Single-Charge Axiom and ud Quark Pairing Nuclear Bond Model

中文说明: 本存档包含同一篇大一统物理理论论文的中文完整版PDF与英文翻译完整版PDF, 两份文档公式、推导、结论内容完全一致, 仅语言语种不同。本研究为作者独立原创, 分阶段完成并留存可信时间戳记录, 理论体系将四大基本相互作用统一于电磁底层公理。 English Note: This archive contains the full Chinese PDF manuscript and full English translated PDF of the same grand unified physics theory paper. The formulas, derivations and conclusions of the two documents are identical except for language. This is an independent original research completed by the author with staged trusted timestamps, which unifies four fundamental interactions under the underlying electromagnetic axiom. The Standard Model, string theory, loop quantum gravity and other mainstream physical theories have long failed to achieve the full unification of the four fundamental interactions. Meanwhile, Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation \ (E=mc²\) has lacked a microscopic physical interpretation at the quark scale for over a century. Taking the interaction between positive and negative charges as the sole fundamental axiom, this paper abandons redundant assumptions such as extra dimensions and hypothetical particles. Starting from the ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic oscillation of quarks inside atomic nuclei, we demonstrate that universal gravitation is an electromagnetic second-order residual effect, and establish a corresponding semi-empirical quantitative formula. The inherent mechanisms of gravitation's non-shieldability and immunity to conventional electromagnetic field perturbation are also elaborated. Based on the independently proposed nuclear structure model with cross-nucleon ud quark pairing nuclear bonds, this paper reveals the microscopic essence of mass-energy conversion. When free nucleons assemble into atomic nuclei, ud quarks form nuclear bonds to restrict quark oscillation, and the excess oscillatory energy is radiated outward, which macroscopically presents as mass defect. In this theory, the strong interaction, weak interaction and universal gravitation are all defined as derivative effects of electromagnetic interaction under different spatial scales and confinement states. A complete physical chain of "charge — quark oscillation — nuclear structure — mass — energy — gravitation" is constructed, realizing the theoretical grand unification of the four fundamental interactions. Multiple falsifiable experimental schemes including variable-temperature torsion balance test, gravitational measurement of nuclear reactions and compact celestial body observation are designed in this work. The theoretical results are highly consistent with existing nuclear binding energy data, nuclear scattering experiments and astronomical observations. This research provides a new paradigm for the unification of fundamental physics, and also offers theoretical support for nuclear energy engineering, nuclear waste transmutation and extreme astrophysical research.