Biochemical and Hematological Alterations in Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraqi Patients

In patients with stages five of chronic kidney disease, the clinical syndrome known as chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder dysfunction includes the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism hormone, as well as abnormalities in vitamin D as well as mineral metabolism is characterized by biochemical and hormonal It is the alterations to hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia that cause it with that cause it elevated risk for mortality, cardiovascular disease, bone fractures, and the advancement of chronic kidney diseases. Methods: For this research, 120 blood samples were collected from patients with chronic kidney disease and 60 volunteers. A sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the serum levels of human parathyroid hormone, and use competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate Vitamin D, and Urea, creatinine, albumin, Calcium, phosphorus, glucose, and bilirubin were measured using a spectrophotometer. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated indirectly, and a hematocytometer measured Hematological Parameters, and the results were statistically processed in SPSS. Results: The study showed no significant difference (p>0.407) in the mean age among patient groups was 44.51±12.33 years, while the control group was 41.13±10.22 years. the study also examined body weight distribution, finding no significant difference(p->0.32) between patients 24.54±3.44 and the control group 25.11±3.21. and finding no significant difference in Total serum bilirubin (P>0.067). The resulting data showed a significant difference (P<0.001) in the increase in the mean levels of urea, creatinine, phosphorus, glucose, and parathyroid hormone in chronic kidney disease patients compared to the healthy control group. The results showed a decrease in the mean ± SD of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, platelets, albumin level, glomerular filtration rate, calcium, and vitamin D in kidney failure patients compared to the healthy control group. Conclusions: The disease known as chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder is complex; knowing the actual cut-off for risk-related factors such as vitamin D deficiency, calcium, high Parathyroid hormone, and phosphate disorders, as well as their implications for future cardiovascular disease, bone health, and mortality risk, deserves further study.