Abstract The gravitational constant G was the second fundamental constant to be measured. However, it exhibits the lowest measurement precision among all fundamental physical constants. The latest CODATA-2022 recommended value of G is 6.67430(15)×10 −11 m 3 kg −1 s −2 , with a relative standard uncertainty of 22 ppm. Over the past two centuries, the precision of G measurements has increased by only approximately three orders of magnitude. In this article, we first introduce the historical development of G measurements. Next, we compare the determinations of G obtained using different methods and instruments across various experimental setups, analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we briefly discuss the temporal variation of G and the error sources in measurement of G .
Zhang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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