Contribution of Ceramic Mosaic in the Field of Art

Ceramic mosaic has remained one of the most resilient and influential art forms across civilizations. Originating in ancient Mesopotamia and evolving through Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic traditions, mosaic art reflects not only aesthetic sensibility but also cultural, religious, and technological advancements. The durability of fired clay and glazed ceramic enabled mosaics to serve as enduring archives of visual culture, preserving narratives that transcended time. In India, adaptations of mosaic traditions can be seen in Mughal pietra dura, Jaipur’s Sheesh Mahal, and temple ornamentations, demonstrating the localization of global techniques. In the modern and contemporary period, ceramic mosaics have undergone a significant transformation. No longer confined to religious or palatial spaces, they now appear in public art, urban beautification, and large-scale community projects. The contributions of Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona, the revival of Byzantine techniques in Ravenna, and contemporary Indian public murals showcase the versatility of ceramic mosaic as both heritage and innovation. Furthermore, mosaics play a role in sustainability by reusing ceramic waste, aligning with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper examines the contribution of ceramic mosaic in the field of art through a multidisciplinary lens, analyzing its historical trajectory, material innovations, symbolic meanings, and cultural significance. By including global and Indian case studies, the research demonstrates how mosaics act as a bridge between tradition and modernity, fine art and applied art, individual creativity and community engagement. Ultimately, the paper argues that ceramic mosaic remains an indispensable medium in the shaping of artistic and cultural identity.