Examining independent learning strategies and its impact to student achievement and engagement in Technology and Livelihood Education

In the framework of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE), this research examines the value of learner autonomy and independent learning techniques in raising student achievement and critical thinking. In light of the changing nature of education, it looks at a number of pedagogical strategies, including Learner-Centred Pedagogy, Digital Learning Platforms, Cooperative Learning, Communal Constructivism, the Dynamic Learning Program (DLP), E-Learning, and Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This research emphasizes how these pedagogies promote self-directed learning, motivation, engagement, and academic performance through a qualitative examination of secondary data and international literature. Results show that independent learning enhances cognitive and metacognitive abilities while also giving TLE students the self-reliance and practical skills they need for lifetime learning and real-world application. In order to serve varied learners in a range of sociocultural contexts, the research emphasizes the importance of teachers acting as facilitators and the necessity of flexible, resource-sensitive pedagogies. The findings support the idea that encouraging learner autonomy is essential to attaining sustainability and quality in education.