Economic Analysis of Agroecological Practices in Mali, West Africa: a Gender Perspective

Agriculture forms the backbone of the economy in most Sahel countries, providing livelihoods for thousands of people. However, it currently faces significant ecological challenges, primarily due to decreasing rainfall, climatic risks and environmental degradation. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of people in the Sahel with limited access to productive resources. The specific objectives include identifying agro-ecological zones and analyzing the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing gender-specific agro-ecological practices. The survey was conducted in three villages within the study area in Mali: Koulikoro, Ségou and Sikasso. Data were collected from 451 producers (both women and men), with 150 participants from Dougoumousso (Sikasso), 152 from Kobala Coura (Koulikoro), and 149 from Kondogola. The data were gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire during the 2020-2021 farming season. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. Descriptive statistics and multivariate models were used to analyze the data. The most common agroecological practices observed in the study area included plot plowing, hand cultivation and direct seeding. Additionally, producers engaged in practices such as organic manure application, soil and water conservation, and local crop processing, although access to training and technical support remains limited. The multivariate probit regression analysis revealed that the socioeconomic characteristics influencing agro-ecological practices vary significantly by gender in the agro-ecological zones of Mali. The gender variable was significant at the 1% level, with coefficients (β=-0.960***) and (β=-0.899***) indicating a negative impact on hand cultivation and direct sowing practices, respectively. Formal education, the age of producers, years of experience, and access to technical advice also significantly influence these practices. Agroecology emerges as a sustainable agricultural practice that minimizes chemical inputs and integrates both local and scientific knowledge. The study recommends focusing on training, better integration of women and young people, dissemination, and funding to effectively promote these practices and ensure the sustainability of agriculture in the Sahel. Overall, addressing the ecological challenges in the Sahel requires a comprehensive understanding of the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing agro-ecological practices. This study highlights the importance of education, experience and technical advice in promoting sustainable agriculture and suggests targeted interventions to improve the livelihoods of producers in the region. Key words: Malian agroecology, gender, agroecological practice, multivariate model, socioeconomic factors