To meet the increasing global food needs, traditional farming systems are currently challenged to keep up due to urbanization, decreasing crop land, and even environmental issues such as soil erosion, climate change, and deforestation. The innovation of soilless farming techniques gives us the opportunity to use hydroponics and aeroponics to resolve such issues sustainably. Aeroponics uses a high-pressure system to spray nutrient-rich mist onto roots that accelerates plant growth while hydroponics helps facilitate plant growth by delivering essential nutrients through water-based solutions. With the use of these innovative techniques, plant growth is 10x more efficient, lower water is required, and diseases from soil are eliminated. These methods have gained popularity because of recent advancements in technology like IoT, automation, and LED lighting, making it more cost-effective and efficient for large scale businesses. This paper analyses the advanced nutrient requirements as well as the distinguishing aspects of hydroponic and aeroponic systems. Through the analysis of strengths and weaknesses in ponical systems, this paper seeks to address how they have transformed agriculture, encouraged sustainable practices, and fostered effective resource management. The results point out the gaps and investment, policy as well as research directions that are necessary to make such systems more mainstream and integrated into food production. Nonetheless, we have already established, with no regard to the global advancement, that soilless cultivation technology is a feasible way out of food insecurity in the future.
D. Raj (Wed,) studied this question.