Since the northerly dispersal of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus from the Gulf States to inland Syria and south-eastern Turkey (Türkiye), progressive, subsequent spread from Mediterranean Turkey into Mediterranean Syria, Lebanon and Israel, also saw the anticipated arrival of this papilionid on the island of Cyprus in autumn 2021. Monitoring since then, involving reports from 248 observers reporting on 783 observations, has revealed the dispersal of P . demoleus throughout much of the island and has shown the species' ability to cope with cool winters and summer temperatures rising to ca 40°C. As has been noted in other eastern Mediterranean countries, P . demoleus has adapted well to urban and peri-urban environments, successfully breeding and nectaring on resources in domestic gardens where the presence of this attractive species has been widely encouraged. Importantly, as this species is considered a pest of Citrus ssp. in some SE Asia countries, there have yet to be any concerning reports of damage from commercial enterprises. We can further state with a reasonable degree of confidence that this species has established a permanent presence in the Mediterranean Basin.
John et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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