Applying FMEA and FTA in Construction Safety Risk Mitigation: A Preventive Approach of the Situ Rempoa Project

The situ normalization project carries a high level of safety risk due to working conditions in open areas, deep excavations, and constant interaction with water. Common occupational accidents include incidents such as falling, slipping, being struck by objects, being buried, and drowning. This study aims to identify and analyze construction safety risks in the Situ Rempoa Normalization Project and formulate appropriate preventive measures. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is used to assess the severity, occurrence, and detection of each risk, which are then calculated into a Risk Priority Number (RPN) to determine mitigation priorities. Meanwhile, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is conducted qualitatively to trace the root causes of the prioritized risks. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to expert respondents with experience in similar projects under the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUPR) of Banten Province. The analysis identified 13 major risks, which were classified into five categories: (1) falling workers, (2) slipping workers, (3) workers struck by objects, (4) workers buried in soil, and (5) drowning incidents. The highest RPN was found in the risk of workers falling into excavations without adequate protection. FTA revealed that the dominant root causes included inadequate safety design, hazardous site conditions, and poor implementation of personal protective equipment (PPE). Based on these findings, preventive strategies were formulated, including improvements in protective system design, strengthened HSE supervision, and enhanced safety training. The study demonstrates that an incident-based approach is effective in mapping construction risks and designing structured preventive actions, especially for water infrastructure projects that have not yet entered the execution phase