Students in Indonesian language education programs exhibit limited speaking skills, particularly in fluency, clarity, and depth of information. To bridge this gap, this study aims to create a speaking textbook incorporating Tri Hita Karana. This Research and Development (R 80% of students said that reflective exercises improved self-assessment, and 75% effectively integrated Tri Hita Karana ideas into academic and social discussions. It was concluded that the textbook successfully fostered self-confidence, critical thinking, and culturally informed speaking skills. Furthermore, this study implies that reflective and contextually relevant materials can enhance the theory and practice of speaking education.
Susrawan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.