Depression is a prevalent, debilitating, and potentially life-threatening disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is influenced by multiple factors. To examine the influence of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors on depression in the Peruvian adult population using data from a nationally representative survey conducted between 2020 and 2022. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted, followed by a bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test with the Rao-Scott correction. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis was performed using a Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The study included 72 334 participants aged 18 to 97 and identified an increased likelihood of depression among older adults (≥60 years; aPR = 1.18 1.08, 1.29); single individuals (aPR = 1.33 1.22, 1.45); separated individuals (aPR = 1.32 1.18, 1.47); divorced or widowed individuals (aPR = 1.44 1.34, 1.56); residents of the Sierra region (aPR = 1.41 1.30, 1.53); economically inactive individuals (aPR = 1.08 1.01, 1.16); individuals with disabilities (aPR = 1.50 1.28, 1.77); those diagnosed with hypertension (aPR = 1.45 1.33, 1.58) or diabetes (aPR = 1.42 1.27, 1.59); and those who smoke monthly (aPR = 1.32 1.19, 1.48). Conversely, being male (aPR = 0.50 0.46, 0.54), having a higher level of education (secondary or above; aPR = 0.69 0.62, 0.76), residing on the coast (aPR = 0.83 0.76, 0.91) or in the jungle region (aPR = 0.87 0.79, 0.96), living in a rural area (aPR = 0.85 0.78, 0.93), and having a higher wealth index (aPR = 0.81 0.71, 0.94) were associated with a lower likelihood of depression. In conclusion, depression is significantly associated with various sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health factors.
Basauri-Delgado et al. (Tue,) studied this question.