Evaluating the Impact of ICT Integration on Students Learning Outcomes in Cambodian Public Universities

This study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration, specifically ICT accessibility and ICT attitudes and beliefs on students’ learning outcomes in Cambodian public higher education institutions. Grounded in a quantitative research design, data were collected from 326 valid students’ responses across three major public universities. Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS 3.0 was employed to evaluate both the measurement and structural model. Results indicate that both ICT accessibility and ICT attitude and belief have statistically significant positive effects on student learning outcomes. ICT accessibility exhibited a stronger influence (β = 0.345, t = 7.500, p = 0.000) compared to ICT attitude and belief (β = 0.197, t = 3.678, p = 0.000). Despite these significant relationships, the structural model yielded a relatively low explanatory power, with R2 = 0.198 and adjusted R2 = 0.193, suggesting that ICT- related factors account for roughly 19.8% of the variance in learning outcomes. Effect size analysis showed small contributions from ICT accessibility (f2 = 0.135) and ICT attitude and beliefs (f2 = 0.043). Model fit was confirmed with SRMR = 0.069, well below the 0.10 threshold. The findings underscore the importance of both equitable ICT access and the cultivation of positive digital attitudes in enhancing educational outcomes. However, ICT alone does not sufficiency. Broader pedagogical and institutional reforms are essential to maximize the benefits of digital integration in Cambodian higher education.