Wings of Hope: A Bibliometric Exploration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Healthcare over two decades

Abstract This bibliometric study investigates the landscape of drone applications in healthcare, identifying major trends, influential studies, and collaborative networks. Findings reveal a growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as transformative tools in public health, emergency response, and diagnostics, especially for reaching underserved areas. Drones are recognized for their speed, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, evidenced by their role in pandemic management for tasks like sample transport, medicine delivery, and surveillance when conventional methods prove insufficient. Research and technological advances in UAVs align closely with pressing global health needs, as collaborative projects continue to expand the capabilities of UAVs through enhanced engineering and computer science contributions. Key advancements include AI-powered diagnostic support, real-time medical supply logistics, and autonomous navigation, with major contributions coming from institutions like Nirma University and Texas A&M University. For instance, researchers such as Tanwar S. have integrated AI and blockchain with UAV technology for telehealth solutions, and Lucir A. has contributed to remote sensing, focusing on precision environmental monitoring and predictive models, further underscoring the field's interdisciplinary nature. High-impact publications, such as those by Chamola V. and Ahmad et al., highlight the convergence of IoT, AI, and drones, showcasing scalable solutions in COVID-19 management. These studies emphasize UAVs' potential in screening, surveillance, and emergency responses, with the United States, China, and India emerging as leaders due to robust institutional frameworks and strategic investments. Funding from agencies like the National Natural Science Foundation of China supports these innovations, illustrating the strategic importance placed on UAVs in health by national policies. Journals like “Remote Sensing” and “Sensors” also play an essential role, consolidating high-quality research within the field. The thematic shift in UAV research—from foundational technology to specialized health applications—illustrates its maturity, driven by interdisciplinary efforts and global collaboration. Future research will likely continue refining UAV-based healthcare solutions, addressing real-time healthcare needs and fortifying system resilience across diverse settings.