Enhancing organ segmentation performance in foundation models via ensemble learning

Motivation: The application of foundation models in organ segmentation faces numerous challenges related to accuracy and fairness. Ensemble learning combines the strengths of multiple models and shows potentials to enhance segmentation performance, yet has not been studied in foundation models. Goal(s): This study aims to improve the accuracy and fairness of foundation models across gender, age and BMI using ensemble learning technique. Approach: The foundation models(TotalSegmentator, SAM, SAM2, MedSAM and MedSAM2) were used for organ segmentation while 5 ensemble methods were used for model improvement. Results: Foundation models face notable challenges regarding accuracy and fairness. However, employing ensemble learning has effectively enhanced the performance. Impact: This study integrates the ensemble learning technique for the first time to enhance the performance of foundation models, potentially reducing costs in time and resources. More importantly, it provides an effective approach for improving foundation model performance in future applications.