Abstract The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is increasingly affected by climate change, with notable manifestations such as saltwater intrusion, prolonged droughts, land subsidence, and a decline in freshwater resources. These changes are reshaping the region’s ecological and economic structures, directly impacting the traditional livelihoods of local communities. In response, many localities have proactively implemented livelihood transformation models to adapt to new environmental conditions. This paper analyzes prevalent livelihood transitions in the Mekong Delta, including the shift from rice cultivation to aquaculture, the development of fruit orchards, the exploitation of flood-season livelihoods, and the move toward service sectors and non-agricultural employment. Drawing on case studies from provinces such as Cà Mau, Đồng Tháp, Bến Tre, and An Giang, the article examines the effectiveness, challenges, and sustainability of these new livelihood strategies amid increasingly complex climate change dynamics.
Thu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.