Objective: This article analyzes the evolution of Brazilian environmental legislation in response to the increase in wildfire outbreaks across national biomes, with a focus on the recent enactment of Law No. 14,944/2024, which establishes the National Policy for Integrated Fire Management. Theoretical Framework: The research is based on Miguel Reale’s Three-Dimensional Theory of Law, which integrates fact (wildfires in biomes), value (environmental protection), and norm (legislation) as central elements of the legal system. Method: The methodology adopted for this study involves a qualitative approach, including bibliographic and documentary review. The study outlines a historical-legislative overview from the Brazilian colonial period to the present day. Data collection was conducted through the CAFe CAPES portal by analyzing relevant research articles, as well as through the Brazilian Federal Government’s Legislation Portal, where legal texts were reviewed to assess both repealed and current regulations related to the subject throughout Brazil’s history. Results and Discussion: The research discusses the limitations and advancements of legal norms in addressing wildfires, especially in light of the current environmental crisis. It concludes that, despite legislative progress, legal gaps still remain regarding environmental liability, particularly in the debate between strict (objective) and subjective liability, which undermines the effectiveness of the new fire management law (Law No. 14,944/2024). Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research serve as a basis for discussions aimed at improving the national legal framework and its applicability to wildfire prevention and appropriate fire management, thus contributing to the preservation of Brazilian biomes. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive review of Brazilian environmental legislation, with a focus on legal texts specifically addressing wildfires and fire management. It provides insights into both current and repealed legal instruments from the colonial era to the enactment of the recent law on the subject, Law No. 14,944/2024.
Minuci et al. (Wed,) studied this question.