Facility operations are increasingly exposed to a diverse set of risks arising from technological complexity, climate change, financial pressures, and evolving regulatory environments. Traditional facility management (FM) approaches, which often emphasize cost control and reactive maintenance, are insufficient to ensure resilience in the face of these challenges. This proposes a conceptual model for integrating risk management into facility operations, enabling organizations to proactively identify, assess, mitigate, and monitor risks while maintaining alignment with broader sustainability and resilience goals. The proposed model is structured around six interdependent components. First, risk identification involves systematic mapping of assets, processes, and stakeholder vulnerabilities through audits, checklists, and scenario analysis. Second, risk assessment and prioritization apply both qualitative and quantitative tools, including likelihood–impact matrices, to rank risks by significance. Third, risk mitigation strategies focus on preventive maintenance, redundancies, emergency planning, and compliance with safety protocols. Fourth, integration into facility operations ensures that risk considerations are embedded within daily processes, contracts, and service delivery models, reinforcing business continuity and sustainable practices. Fifth, monitoring and review leverage real-time technologies such as IoT sensors, digital twins, and predictive analytics to track performance and adapt strategies dynamically. Sixth, communication and stakeholder engagement enhance transparency, building confidence among occupants, regulators, and investors while ensuring collective ownership of risk governance. Enabling factors include leadership commitment, organizational culture, capacity building, and supportive regulatory frameworks. The model anticipates outcomes such as improved operational resilience, reduced disruptions and losses, enhanced compliance, and stronger stakeholder trust. By shifting FM from a reactive to a proactive discipline, the integration of risk management establishes facilities not only as functional assets but also as resilient, adaptive, and sustainable components of urban infrastructure.
Lawoyin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.