Quasi-periodic variation during a fast X-ray outburst of a high-mass X-ray binary MAXI J0709-159 / LY CMa observed by NICER

We report on a quasi-periodic variation at 1 Hz during a fast X-ray outburst of a high-mass X-ray binary MAXI J0709-159 / LY CMa observed by the Neutron-star interior composition explorer (NICER). The new X-ray transient MAXI J0709-159 was discovered on 2022 January 25. Due to the transient X-ray behavior characterized by the short (a few hours) outburst duration, rapid (1 s) variability with spectral change, and large luminosity swing from 10^32 erg s^-1 to 10^37 erg s^-1, the object was considered likely to be a supergiant X-ray binary with a neutron star (NS) categorized as a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT). Follow-up NICER and NuSTAR observations confirmed that the position of the new X-ray object is consistent with a Be star, LY CMa, which has been also identified as a B supergiant. We analyzed the NICER data obtained from 3 hours to 6 days after the discovery. The light curve reveals that the X-ray activity continued for 7 hours in sparse short flares, each lasting 100 seconds, and the luminosity instantaneously reached up to 1 10^38 erg s^-1. The light-curve and spectral features reasonably agree with those expected from accretion of a clumpy stellar-wind onto a magnetized NS. The variability power spectrum during the brightest flare shows a broad peak at 1. 1 Hz resembling a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). If the QPO is attributed to the Keplerian orbital frequency at the inner edge of a transient accretion disk truncated by the NS magnetosphere, the NS surface magnetic field is estimated to be 10^12 G.