This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of «Made in China 2025» initiative, a strategic industrial policy aimed at transitioning China from a low-cost manufacturing hub to a global leader in high-tech industries. Utilizing multi-criteria decision analysis tools, including the TOPSIS method and SWOT analysis, the research assesses program effectiveness across key sectors such as robotics, new energy vehicles, aerospace, and information technologies. Data from the World Bank and China’s National Bureau of Statistics (2010–2025) reveal significant progress: investments in priority sectors tripled to 1. 15 trillion, with robotics (19. 8% CAGR) and green technologies (20. 2% CAGR) emerging as top performers. Domestic market share surged from 50. 1% to 78. 4%, while global leadership solidified in solar panels (47. 5%) and railway equipment (37. 2%). Return on investment (ROI) improved post-2015, peaking in robotics (160. 6%) and IT (144. 1%). However, challenges persist, including dependency on foreign semiconductors, regional disparities, and geopolitical tensions with the U. S. and EU. Despite these obstacles, the program has driven structural economic shifts, emphasizing innovation over export-led growth. The findings highlight China’s progress in reducing technological reliance and fostering high-value industries, though sustained policy adjustments are needed to address overcapacity and intellectual property gaps. This study underscores the program’s role in reshaping China’s economic model and positioning it as a challenger for global technological leadership.
Reshetnikova et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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