Written Monuments of the Post-Golden Horde Period: A Comparative Analysis of Karnak Epigraphic Monuments

The article presents the results of a scientific expedition conducted to study the Arabic epigraphic monuments of the Golden Horde and the post-Golden Horde period, stored on the territory of Kazakhstan. As a result of a comparative analysis of the Arabic-written epigraphic monuments of the necropolis near the mausoleum of Imam Bakhili of the village of Karnak in the city of Kentau of Turkestan region (X-XI centuries) and the mausoleum of Ukasha ata, one can deeply learn Kazakh stone-carving art, writing and arabesques, linguistic culture, religious position, social situation in the southern regions. The purpose of the study is to decipher kulpytas (tombstone monuments) Karnak necropolis and Ukasha Ata, introduction to the scientific circulation of newly discovered sources. The research materials are kulpytas collected during a business trip of the staff of the R. B. Suleimenov Institute of Oriental Studies to the Turkestan region in 2024. Research methods – the study of materials, the texts of Karnak's epitaph, comparative analysis, all scientific methods used in epigraphic research were widely used. The objectives of the research are the organization of a field expedition, decryption, reading, translation, documentation, registration, and desk processing of Arabic texts on epigraphic monuments. The results of the study – for the first time, the texts of four kulpytas of the Karnak necropolis and one kulpytas of the Ukasha Ata mausoleum were fully read and translated, a comparative analysis was carried out.