Retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy following radical cystectomy: A multicenter comparative study of robotic versus open surgery

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perioperative outcomes of cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS) between open surgery (open radical cystectomy, ORC) and robot‐assisted surgery (robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, RARC), including the stent‐free rate, readmission rates due to urinary tract infection (UTI), and changes in renal function. Methods Between 2005 and 2023, a total of 37 patients underwent CUS following ORC, while 24 patients underwent CUS following RARC. Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups. Results The patients in the RARC group were significantly older ( p = 0.007) and had a significantly higher proportion of high‐risk cases with ASA‐PS ≥3 ( p = 0.002). In addition, RARC was associated with a significantly lower estimated blood loss ( p < 0.001) and a reduced transfusion rate ( p = 0.003). Postoperative complication rates and the stent‐free rate were comparable between the ORC and RARC groups. Throughout a median follow‐up period of 2.6 years, rates of readmission due to UTI did not differ significantly between the two groups. Moreover, there were no differences in the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate before and after surgery and the 3‐year survival rates were similar across both groups. Conclusions CUS following RARC appears to offer a safer alternative compared with CUS following ORC, and the stent‐free rates are comparable. The significantly lower estimated blood loss and transfusion rate associated with RARC are particularly favorable for elderly patients, those who are frail, and individuals with multiple comorbidities.