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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly in the past two decades. During this period, the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs increased from 3.8% to 26%, indicating that PSCs is a promising candidate in the battery field. The low-cost fabrication process and excellent light-absorbing properties of perovskite materials have attracted the attention of researchers. Till now, PSCs have not been commercializated due to their instability and toxicity of the materials. Therefore, seeking for stable, long-lived, and environmentally friendly PSCs is of great significance for the commercial application of PSCs. So far, a large numbers of attempts have been made to achieve such goals. Lead-free PSCs, large-area PSCs, and more sophisticated encapsulation technologies were explored. This review discusses the photovoltaic properties of perovskite materials and introduces typical structures of PSCs along with their basic fabrication processes. In addition, the performance and commercialization progress of PSCs are also reviewed. Finally, potential research directions for commercialization of PSCs were pointed out. This work will contribute to a further understanding of PSCs.
Hetao Yin (Mon,) studied this question.