Respiration-resolved 5D flow MRI: Impact of the number of respiratory states of blood flow quantification in congenital heart disease patients

We adapted our novel respiratory gating method to evaluate the impact of respiratory state (RS) resolution on respiratory driven flow measured by 5D flow MRI. We found that the impact of respiratory state resolution was both anatomy and vessel dependent. Caval veins and measurements in single ventricle disease patients were most impacted by the reduction of respiratory states. Shunt patients and pulmonary artery measurements were more robust to reduced RS and may be able to take advantage of the decreased acceleration associated with fewer RS. 5D flow MRI is well suited for this variable need as respiratory gating is retrospective.