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Typical porous electrodes are homogeneous, stochastic collections of micron-scale particles offering few opportunities for engineering higher performance. To leverage recent breakthroughs in advanced and additive manufacturing, we use topology optimization to design porous electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. Energy density is maximized, leading to non-trivial geometries that outperform monolithic electrodes. These geometries facilitate ionic transport and lead to better electrode utilization and energy efficiency. We consider simultaneous optimization of cathode and anode, which can lead to interdigitated/interpenetrating designs. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by the LLNL-LDRD program under project number 23-SI-002 and 20-ERD-019. LLNL-ABS-857450
Roy et al. (Fri,) studied this question.