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Nano emulsions are emerging as versatile drug delivery systems, offering enhanced solubility, dissolution, absorption, permeation, and bioavailability due to their nano-sized droplets and extensive interfacial area. Both high-energy and low-energy techniques are employed for nano emulsion preparation, including high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, phase inversion composition (PIC), and phase inversion temperature (PIT) methods. Nano emulsions demonstrate advantages in improving the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, addressing common challenges such as creaming, flocculation, sedimentation, and coalescence. Stabilizers, surfactants, and process parameters play a critical role in maintaining stability and enhancing the performance of nano emulsions. Characterization methods are essential for assessing nano emulsion properties and stability. Nano emulsions show potential applications in various routes of administration, including topical, ocular, transdermal, and parenteral. The formulation, characterization, and application of nano emulsions represent a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes through effective and versatile drug delivery platforms. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing formulation strategies, exploring novel applications, and overcoming existing limitations to further enhance the efficacy of nano emulsion-based drug delivery systems
Tanuku et al. (Sun,) studied this question.