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The simultaneous flow of gas, oil & water is frequently encountered in pipelines during upstream petroleum operations. The multiphase flow results in different types of flow patterns based on the flow rates of fluids, physical properties and geometry of the flow domain. The flow behavior is characterized based on the governing flow patterns. Hence, the information about the flow patterns, regime maps and resulting pressure loss are important for multiphase flow system design and optimization. The current work is focused on construction of gas, oil and water, three-phase flow regime maps and developing pressure loss prediction correlations for the flow through vertical riser downstream 90° bend. The pipe internal diameter (ID) is 6 inch and the bending radius to pipe diameter ratio is 1. The observed gas-liquid flow patterns are slug, churn, and semi-annular churn flow at the given range of superficial velocities of fluids. The flow pattern data has been used to construct flow regime maps to analyze the variation in flow patterns with flow rates of fluids and compared with the available works in the literature. In addition, the change in pressure loss with respect to flow patterns has been analyzed. Previous models are used for the prediction of pressure loss. However, according to the assessment, the models underpredicted the pressure loss. Based on three-phase pressure loss data, multiple linear regression analysis has been carried out to propose new correlations for pressure loss prediction. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data showed good agreement between the results. The knowledge of flow regime variation and pressure loss correlations can help flow assurance engineers in designing and optimization of multiphase flow systems.
Yaqub et al. (Sat,) studied this question.