Causes of Safety Barrier Failures at Oil and Gas Facilities in Nigeria: A Technical Approach

This study investigates the company-controlled causes of barrier failure in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Also, it focuses on oil and gas facilities and their operations involving hydrocarbon handling. Safety Barriers in the oil and gas industry are crucial safety systems designed to prevent hazards and mitigate the consequences of incidents. These barriers, encompassing technical, operational, and organizational elements, play a significant role in handling hazardous substances and preventing their unintended release. Despite their importance, barrier failures have been identified as major causes of process safety incidents globally, including Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A cross-sectional research design, using a questionnaire to collect primary data from 132 personnel across 12 facilities, was employed. Statistical data analyses were carried out using XLSTAT Version 2016. Findings indicate that process upsets and technical/physical failures are significant risk influencing factors, while human and operational errors, though present, are less impactful. Key technical failures include degradation of valve sealing and flange gaskets, while process upsets often result from overpressure and malfunctioning transmitters. The study highlights the need for improved risk reduction strategies and periodic training to enhance safety practices in the Niger Delta's oil and gas industry. Recommendations include increasing technical components of risk strategies and ensuring regular maintenance and compliance with safety regulations; that is, proactive maintenance strategies to mitigate the identified risks.