A unified industrial large knowledge model framework in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing

The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) demonstrates the potential for artificial general intelligence, revealing new opportunities in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing. However, a notable gap exists in applying these LLMs in industry, primarily due to their training on general knowledge rather than domain-specific knowledge. Such specialized domain knowledge is vital for effectively addressing the complex needs of industrial applications. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a unified industrial large knowledge model (ILKM) framework, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize future industries. In addition, ILKMs and LLMs are compared from eight perspectives. Finally, the 6S Principle is proposed as the guideline for ILKM development, and several potential opportunities are highlighted for ILKM deployment in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing.