Comparative Analysis of the Vocabulary of Scientific and Technical Texts in English and Ukrainian

Objective. The objective of the article is to make a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of scientific and technical texts in English and Ukrainian. Methods. The main scientific results were obtained using a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and educational literature on literary studies, psychology, linguistics; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, descriptive and analytical. Results. The vocabulary of the scientific and technical style has a number of features, such as specialization and precision, standardization of terminology, clarity and unambiguity, neologisms and technical terms, official language, abbreviations and acronyms, systematic use of symbols, logical structure, interdisciplinary coherence and dynamic adaptation. These features help to convey complex ideas with precision. In English and Ukrainian, this vocabulary has both common and distinctive features. The main common feature is accuracy, specificity and clarity in the way the material is presented; this special vocabulary serves as a linguistic tool to overcome obstacles in understanding complex ideas in science and technology. Among the characteristic features of the vocabulary of the scientific and technical style in both languages are the use of special terms, terminological phrases, professionalisms, special clichés, non-terminological vocabulary, abbreviations, acronyms, neologisms and abstract vocabulary. Scientific and technical texts have their own structural complexity. In both English and Ukrainian, the basis of a scientific text is compound and complex sentences, various phrases (adverbial, infinitive and gerund), impersonal and impersonal-personal constructions. The use of references and bibliographies is a fundamental part of scientific and technical writing in both languages. References Karaban, V. I. (2004). Pereklad anhliiskoi naukovoi i tekhnichnoi literatury. Hramatychni trudnoshchi, leksychni, terminolohichni ta zhanrovo stylistychni problem Translation of English scientific and technical Grammatical difficulties, lexical, terminological and genre-stylistic problems. Vinnytsia, Nova Knyha Publ. , 576 p. Available at: https: //pdf. lib. vntu. edu. ua/books/Karaban₂004₅76. pdf Klymenko, M. , Neroda, K. D. (2019). Naukovyi tekst u porivnialnomu aspekti (na materiali anhliiskoi ta ukrainskoi mov) Scientific text in the comparative aspect (on the material of English and Ukrainian). Kryvyi Rih, 77 p. Savruk, P. (2008). Ukrainsko-anhliiskyi naukovo-tekhnichnyi slovnyk Ukrainian- English Scientific and Technical Dictionary. . NAN Ukrainy, Fiz. -mekhan. in-t im. H. V. Karpenka NAS of Ukraine, Karpenko Institute of Physics and Mechanics. Kyiv, Naukova Dumka Publ. , 909 p. URL: http: //irbis-nbuv. gov. ua/cgi- bin/ua/elib. exe? Z21ID=&I21DBN=UKRLIB&P21DBN=UKRLIB&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=onlinebook&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=FF=&S21STR=ukr0001609%5F1 Slyvka, Z. (2022). Osoblyvosti perekladu naukovo-tekhnichnoi terminolohii z anhliiskoi movy na ukrainsku Features of translation of scientific and technical terminology from English into Ukrainian. Zakarpatski filolohichni studii Transcarpathian philological studies, Issue 27, Vol. 3, pp. 144-149. Available at: http: //zfs-journal. uzhnu. uz. ua/archive/27/part₃/27. pd Stehaliuk, V. (2014). Osoblyvosti perekladu ukrainskoiu movoiu profesiinoi terminolohii tekstiv naukovo-tekhnichnoho spriamuvannia Features of translation of professional terminology of scientific and technical texts into Ukrainian. Informatsiini tekhnolohii v osviti, nautsi ta vyrobnytstvi Information technologies in education, science and production, Issue 5 (10), pp. 216–225. Available at: https: //sbornik. college. ks. ua/downloads/sbornik5₁0/pdf/25. pdf Susidenko, M. & Baranova, S. V. (2020). Vidtvorennia osoblyvostei naukovo- tekhnichnoho tekstu v perekladi Reproduction of the features of a scientific and technical text in translation. Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni V. I. Vernadskoho. Seriia: Filolohiia. Sotsialni komunikatsii Scientific notes of Vernadsky TNU. Series: Philology. Social communications, Vol. 31 (70), No. 2, Part 2. Available at: https: //www. philol. vernadskyjournals. in. ua/journals/2020/2₂020/part₂/44. pdf Chtyvo Reading. Elektronna biblioteka. Kultura, filosofiia, filolohiia, movoznavstvo ta inshe –znavstvo. Nauka Electronic library. Culture, philosophy, philology, linguistics and other studies. Science. Available at: https: //chtyvo. org. ua/genre/naukova/books/