The Influence of Powering a Compression Ignition Engine with HVO Fuel on the Specific Emissions of Selected Toxic Exhaust Components

The aim of the research was to determine the potential of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) in reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions from the Perkins 854E-E34TA compression ignition engine. The concentrations of these toxic exhaust gas components were measured using the following analyzers: AVL CEB II (for NOx concentration measurement) and Horiba Mexa 1230 PM (for PM measurement). The measurements were carried out in the ESC test on a compression ignition engine with direct fuel injection and a turbocharger. The engine had a common rail fuel supply system and met the Stage IIIB/Tier 4 exhaust emission standard. Two fuels were used in the tests: diesel fuel (DF) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). As part of the experiment, the basic indicators of engine operation were also determined (torque, effective power, and fuel consumption) and selected parameters of the combustion process, such as the instantaneous pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber, maximum pressures and temperatures in the combustion chamber, and the heat release rate (HRR), were calculated. The tests were carried out in accordance with the ESC test because the authors wanted to determine how the new generation HVO fuel, powering a modern combustion engine with a common rail fuel system, would perform in a stationary emission test. Based on the obtained research results, the authors concluded that HVO fuel can replace diesel fuel in diesel engines even without major modifications or changes in engine settings.