Optimal Charging Strategy for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Model Predictive Control with Coupled Thermal-Electric Decomposed Electrode Model

Fast charging is crucial for applications of lithium-ion batteries in energy power systems (e.g., electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices). In this paper, a novel optimal charging strategy based on the model predictive control (MPC) considering lithium plating and cell temperature rise is proposed. A coupled thermal-electric decomposed electrode model is constructed and integrated into the control framework to implement the optimized current while ensuring battery safety and durability. A state observer based on the extended Kalman filter and a particle swarm optimizer is adopted to enhance robustness. Parametric studies under varied constraints and initial conditions are conducted for a comprehensive analysis of the method. The simulation and experimental results validate that the developed charging strategy yields a superior applied current profile without sacrificing battery safety and health compared to the existing charging protocols. In addition, the optimal charging strategy is practical for onboard applications with future detailed work.