Numerical investigation of non-uniform inflow effects on internal and external characteristics of an axial-flow pump

This paper investigates the effects of non-uniform inflow on the internal and external characteristics of an axial-flow pump. Numerical simulation is employed to study two different configurations: one with an intake sump (referred to as the intake system) and another without an intake sump (referred to as the pump system), where the intake sump introduces non-uniform inflow conditions. First, under low flow conditions, typical unstable flow phenomena are observed in the impeller, including leading edge spillage and tip leakage vortex, which are consistent with previous research findings. Second, the analysis reveals that the non-uniform inflow causes the pump system to enter the hump zone earlier, as indicated by the external characteristic curves. Energy loss analysis identifies the increased energy loss at the bell mouth due to backflow from the impeller as the main contributor to the head drop. Finally, it is observed that submerged vortices exist at the bottom of the intake sump; however, their swirling strength is insufficient to significantly affect the hump characteristics of the intake system under low flow conditions. The distinguishing factor between the two systems is the distribution of axial velocity along the radial direction in the bell mouth. The higher axial velocity near the casing of the bell mouth in the pump system supplements the energy of the liquid near the shroud side of the impeller, thus delaying the occurrence of backflow.