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Abstract Background: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy plays a pivotal role in comprehensive periodontal treatment by effectively removing plaque and calculus through both supragingival and subgingival scaling and root surface debridement. This therapeutic approach encompasses methods aimed at curbing infection, restoring lost tissue integrity, and preserving a healthy periodontium. The ultimate objective of scaling and root planing (SRP) is realized through manual or power-driven scalers. Objectives: This study aims to assess and contrast the microtopography of root surfaces following in vitro SRP using the Gracey curette, Piezo-ceramic ultrasonic scaler, and Piezo-surgery ultrasonic scaler. Materials and Methods: A randomized in vitro investigation was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Thirty freshly extracted adult human single-rooted teeth, encompassing incisors, canines, and premolars were procured from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery outpatient department. The teeth were categorized into three groups: Group A – Gracey curette 7/8 ( n = 10), Group B – Piezo-ceramic ultrasonic scaler (Universal insert) ( n = 10), and Group C – Piezo-surgery scaler PS1 ( n = 10). The evaluation was conducted using electron scanning microscopy (ESEM) and confocal analysis post-SRP. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally into mesial and distal halves, resulting in 20 samples per group. A demarcation line was established on the middle third of the root surface, distinguishing the test area (T) (coronal) from the control area (C) (apical). In the electron scanning microscopy (ESEM) analysis subset, a notch was created on the upper right corner below the cementoenamel junction in 10 samples from each group. The remaining samples ( n = 10 from each group) were not notched for confocal microscopic analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis was conducted at the Indian Institute of Technology facility in Powai, Mumbai. Results: The overall findings indicated nonsignificant differences among the three groups in the t -test area when examined at × 500 using confocal microscopy and ESEM. However, at × 1000 using ESEM, Group C (Piezo-surgery scaler) exhibited a significantly greater mean surface roughness compared to Group A (Gracey curette) and Group B (Piezo-ceramic ultrasonic scaler) in the t -test area. Conclusion: The Piezo-surgery PS1 root planning tip yields the smoothest root surface following SRP, as indicated by the study’s outcomes.
Padole et al. (Mon,) studied this question.