Applicability of pre-trained CNNs in temperate deforestation detection

Technological advancements have opened up new possibilities for accurately identifying deforested areas and developing effective data collection strategies. Our paper proposes a practical approach to improve deforestation monitoring using satellite images and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification. To train the CNNs, we used labeled data primarily sourced from the Amazon basin, while images from the Romanian Carpathian mountains were reserved for testing. Building on this foundation, we evaluated various pre-trained CNN architectures, including AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet, DenseNet, EfficientNet, GoogLeNet, and Swin Transformer, comparing their performance with a typical CNN architecture. In addition, we refined the performance by testing four ensemble learning methods. We found a decrease of only 10% in accuracy for using the models on data from the temperate area. Our findings contribute to this interdisciplinary field by providing insights into the effectiveness of pre-trained CNNs in classifying satellite images from temperate regions, trained with knowledge from tropical deforestation data. This contribution may open ways for the development of a quasi real-time deforestation monitoring system and serve as a reference for future research in temperate areas.