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This study presents a detailed analysis of critical water quality parameters across diverse water sources, including sea, river, lake, canal, pond, bore, rain, and tap water. The research focuses on key indicators such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, acidity, and hardness. Utilizing standardized methodologies, we conducted a comparative assessment of these parameters against established drinking water quality standards. Our findings reveal significant variations in water quality across different sources, with notable deviations from recommended ranges in several samples. pH values ranged from 6.81 to 8.33, while TDS levels varied dramatically from 93 ppm in rainwater to 815 ppm in bore water. Hardness levels spanned from soft to very hard water, with sea water exhibiting the highest hardness at 76.2 mg/L as CaCO3. Turbidity measurements were consistently between 4-5 NTU across all samples, exceeding the recommended limit of 0.3 NTU. Acidity levels, measured as CO2 acidity, ranged from 2 mg/L in rainwater to 19 mg/L in lake and bore water. These results emphasize the importance of source-specific water treatment strategies and highlight potential health and environmental implications of consuming or using water from these various sources.
Tetali et al. (Sun,) studied this question.