Association between sub-phenotypes identified using latent class analysis and neurological outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Japan

Abstract Background In patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), it is important to assess the association of sub-phenotypes identified by latent class analysis (LCA) using pre-hospital prognostic factors and factors measurable immediately after hospital arrival with neurological outcomes at 30 days, which would aid in making treatment decisions. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed data obtained from the Japanese OHCA registry between June 2014 and December 2019. The registry included a complete set of data on adult patients with OHCA, which was used in the LCA. The association between the sub-phenotypes and 30-day survival with favorable neurological outcomes was investigated. Furthermore, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis using in-hospital data as covariates. Results A total of, 22,261 adult patients who experienced OHCA were classified into three sub-phenotypes. The factor with the highest discriminative power upon patient’s arrival was Glasgow Coma Scale followed by partial pressure of oxygen. Thirty-day survival with favorable neurological outcome as the primary outcome was evident in 66.0% participants in Group 1, 5.2% in Group 2, and 0.5% in Group 3. The 30-day survival rates were 80.6%, 11.8%, and 1.3% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the ORs (95% CI) for 30-day survival with favorable neurological outcomes were 137.1 (99.4–192.2) for Group 1 and 4.59 (3.46–6.23) for Group 2 in comparison to Group 3. For 30-day survival, the ORs (95%CI) were 161.7 (124.2–212.1) for Group 1 and 5.78 (4.78–7.04) for Group 2, compared to Group 3. Conclusions This study identified three sub-phenotypes based on the prognostic factors available immediately after hospital arrival that could predict neurological outcomes and be useful in determining the treatment strategy of patients experiencing OHCA upon their arrival at the hospital.