Convolutional neural network enhancement for mobile application of offline handwritten signature verification

The increase in signature forgery cases can be attributed to the escape of forged signatures from manual signature verification systems.Researchers have developed various machine learning and deep learning methods to verify the authenticity of signatures, one of which uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs).This research aims to develop a mobile application for handwritten signature verification using CNN architecture by adding a batch normalization technique to its layer.The performance of our proposed method achieved a verification accuracy of 86.36%, with a 0.061 false acceptance rate (FAR), 0.303 false rejection rate (FRR), and 0.182 equal error rate (EER), which is compatible to be embedded in smartphones.However, there is still a need for further development of the CNN model and its integration with mobile applications.